home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
X User Tools
/
X User Tools (O'Reilly and Associates)(1994).ISO
/
sun4c
/
archive
/
tcltk.z
/
tcltk
/
man
/
catn
/
open.n
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1994-09-20
|
6KB
|
199 lines
open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
_________________________________________________________________
NAME
open - Open a file
SYNOPSIS
open _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e ?_a_c_c_e_s_s? ?_p_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s? |
_________________________________________________________________
DESCRIPTION
This command opens a file and returns an identifier that may
be used in future invocations of commands like read, puts,
and close. _F_i_l_e_N_a_m_e gives the name of the file to open; if
it starts with a tilde then tilde substitution is performed
as described for Tcl_TildeSubst. If the first character of
_f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e is ``|'' then the remaining characters of _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e
are treated as a command pipeline to invoke, in the same
style as for exec. In this case, the identifier returned by
open may be used to write to the command's input pipe or
read from its output pipe.
The _a_c_c_e_s_s argument indicates the way in which the file (or
command pipeline) is to be accessed. It may take two forms, |
either a string in the form that would be passed to the |
fopen library procedure or a list of POSIX access flags. It |
defaults to ``r''. In the first form _a_c_c_e_s_s may have any of |
the following values:
r Open the file for reading only; the file must
already exist.
r+ Open the file for both reading and writing;
the file must already exist.
w Open the file for writing only. Truncate it
if it exists. If it doesn't exist, create a
new file.
w+ Open the file for reading and writing. Trun-
cate it if it exists. If it doesn't exist,
create a new file.
a Open the file for writing only. The file
must already exist, and the file is posi-
tioned so that new data is appended to the
file.
a+ Open the file for reading and writing. If
the file doesn't exist, create a new empty
file. Set the initial access position to
the end of the file.
Tcl 1
open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
In the second form, _a_c_c_e_s_s consists of a list of any of the |
following flags, all of which have the standard POSIX mean- |
ings. One of the flags must be either RDONLY, WRONLY or |
RDWR. |
RDONLY ||
Open the file for reading only. |
WRONLY ||
Open the file for writing only. |
RDWR ||
Open the file for both reading and writing. |
APPEND ||
Set the file pointer to the end of the file |
prior to each write. |
CREAT ||
Create the file if it doesn't already exist |
(without this flag it is an error for the |
file not to exist). |
EXCL ||
If CREAT is specified also, an error is |
returned if the file already exists. |
NOCTTY ||
If the file is a terminal device, this flag |
prevents the file from becoming the control- |
ling terminal of the process. |
NON- |
BLOCK ||
Prevents the process from blocking while |
opening the file. For details refer to your |
system documentation on the open system |
call's O_NONBLOCK flag. |
TRUNC ||
If the file exists it is truncated to zero |
length. |
If a new file is created as part of opening it, _p_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s |
(an integer) is used to set the permissions for the new file |
in conjunction with the process's file mode creation mask. |
_P_e_r_m_i_s_s_i_o_n_s defaults to 0666.
If a file is opened for both reading and writing then seek
must be invoked between a read and a write, or vice versa
(this restriction does not apply to command pipelines opened
with open). When _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e specifies a command pipeline and
Tcl 2
open(n) Tcl Built-In Commands 7.0
a write-only access is used, then standard output from the
pipeline is directed to the current standard output unless
overridden by the command. When _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e specifies a com-
mand pipeline and a read-only access is used, then standard
input from the pipeline is taken from the current standard
input unless overridden by the command.
KEYWORDS
access mode, append, controlling terminal, create, file,
non-blocking, open, permissions, pipeline, process
Tcl 3